What is Acne?
Acne is a general term for pimples and deeper pustules that are
clogged pores. If severe enough acne can leave permanent scars.
Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder of the skin's sebaceous glands
and hair follicles that affects about 80% of people between the
ages of 12 and 24. During puberty high levels of hormones are produced
in both girls and boys. This leads to the production of large quantities
of sebum. Sebum is an irritant that can clog the pores and form
a pimple which may become infected and form a pustule. Hormones
don't go away after adolescence. Many women still get premenstrual
acne from of the release of progesterone after ovulation.
Normal pilosebaceous unit
Acne is a disease that affects the skin's oil glands. The small
holes in your skin (pores) connect to the oil glands under the skin.
These glands make an oily substance called sebum. The pores connect
to the glands by a canal called a follicle. Inside the follicles,
oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin. A thin hair
also grows through the follicle and out to the skin. When the follicle
of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows. Most pimples are found
on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Acne is not a serious
health threat but it can cause scars.
What Causes Acne?
§ The exact cause of acne is unknown, several related factors
are:
§ Hormonal activity supposed to be responsible, such as menstrual
cycles and puberty.
§ Increase in hormones called androgens (male sex hormones),
which causes sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum.
§ Hormonal changes related to pregnancy can also cause acne.
§ Another factor is heredity or genetics. Researchers believe
that the tendency to develop acne can be inherited from parents.
For example, studies have shown that many school-age boys with acne
have a family history of the disorder.
§ Accumulation of dead skin cell.
§ Bacteria in the pores, to which body becomes allergic.
§ Skin irritation or scratching of any sort will active the
inflammation.
§ Starting or stopping birth control pills.
§ Heredity (if your parents had acne, you might get it too).
§ Some types of medicine.
§ Greasy makeup.
In some patients, contributing factors may be:
Pressure: In some patients, pressure from helmets, chinstraps,
collars, and the like can aggravate acne.
Drugs: Some medications may cause or worsen acne, such as those
containing iodides, bromides, or oral or injected steroids (either
the medically prescribed prednisone or the steroids bodybuilders
or athletes take.) Most cases of acne, however, are not drug-related.
Occupations: In some jobs, exposure to industrial products like
cutting oils may produce acne.
Pathophysiology of Acne
§ Excessive secretion of oils from the sebaceous glands
accompanies the plugging of the pores with naturally occurring
dead skin cells (corneocytes) blocking hair follicles.
§ The accumulation of these corneocytes in the duct appears
to be due to a failure of the normal keratinization process in
the skin which usually leads to shedding of skin cells lining
the pores.
§ Oil secretions are said to build up beneath the blocked
pore, providing a perfect environment for the skin bacteria Propionibacterium
acnes and the lipophilic (oil/lipid-loving) yeast Malassezia to
multiply uncontrollably.
§ Under the microscope, however there is no evidence of
pooled trapped sebum. Indeed the oil perolates through the plugged
duct onto the surface.
§ In response to the bacterial and yeast populations, the
skin inflames, producing the vision lesion.
§ The face, chest, back, shoulders and upper arms are especially
affected.
###
Acne describes as a disease of the pilosebaceous units (PSUs).
Found over most of the body, PSUs consist of a sebaceous gland connected
to a canal, called a follicle that contains a fine hair.
People with acne frequently have a variety of lesions, some of
which are shown in the diagrams below. The basic acne lesion, called
the comedo, is simply an enlarged and plugged hair follicle.
If the plugged follicle, or comedo, stays beneath the skin, it
is called a closed comedo and produces a white bump called a whitehead.
A comedo that reaches the surface of the skin and opens up is called
an open comedo or blackhead because it looks black on the skin's
surface. This black discoloration is due to changes in sebum as
it is exposed to air. It is not due to dirt. Both whiteheads and
blackheads may stay in the skin for a long time.
Acne is a group of skin rashes with different causes named as:-
Acne vulgaris
It is most commonly experienced around puberty, typically of the
face and shoulders / chest.
Acne rosacea
A red rash predominantly on the face.
Acne keloidalis nuchae (pseudofolliculitis nuchae)
A rash caused by shaving.
Acne conglobata (Hidradenitis suppurativa)
Chronic abscesses or boils of sweat gland and hair follicle; in
the underarms, groin, buttocks and under the breasts in women.
Acne cosmetica
Acne caused by use of cosmetics.
Acne fulminans
An extreme form of acne conglobata.
Acne medicamentosa
Acne cause by starting or stopping medicine.
Baby acne
A rash seen on the cheeks, chin, and forehead of infants.
Chloracne
Acne caused by exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dioxins
or PCBs.
###
Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the skin, which is
caused by changes in the pilosebaceous units.
Cystic acne on the face
Extensive acne on chest and shoulders
It is the most common form of acne. Large number of teenagers suffers
from this, during the period of puberty. In most of the cases it
tends to disappear or atleast decreases after one reaches early
twenties. There is no fix prediction how long time it will take
to disappear entirely,
Signs and symptoms of Acne
Acne typically appears on face, neck, chest, back, shoulders and
the areas of skin with the largest number of functional oil glands.
People with acne frequently have a variety of lesions, some of which
are shown in the diagrams below. The basic acne lesion, called the
comedo, is simply an enlarged and plugged hair follicle. Acne can
take the following forms;
Whiteheads: These are created when the openings
of hair follicles become clogged and blocked with oil secretions
and dead skin.
If the plugged follicle, or comedo, stays beneath the skin, it
is called a closed comedo and produceswhite bump called a whitehead.
Blackheads: These are similar to whiteheads,
but are open to the skin surface and darken.
A comedo that reaches the surface of the skin and opens up is called
an open comedo or blackhead because it looks black on the skin's
surface. This black discoloration is due to changes in sebum as
it is exposed to air. It is not due to dirt. Both whiteheads and
blackheads may stay in the skin for a long time.
Other troublesome acne lesions can develop, including the following:
§ Papules – inflamed lesions that usually
appear as small, pink bumps on the skin and can be tender to the
touch
PAPULES
§ Macule - A macule is the temporary red
spot left by a healed acne lesion. It is flat, usually red or red-pink,
with a well defined border.
MACULE
A macule may persist for days to weeks before disappearing. When
a number of macules are present at one time they can contribute
to the "inflamed face" appearance of acne. It shows the
"red face" appearance.
§ Pustules (pimples) – These are raised;
reddish spots that signal inflammation or infection in the hair
follicles. Papules topped by white or yellow pus-filled lesions
that may be red at the base
PUSTULES
§ Nodules – large, painful, solid lesions
that are lodged deep within the skin
NODULES
§ Cysts – These are thick lumps beneath
the surface of the skin, which are formed by the buildup of secretions
deep within hair follicles. Deep, painful, pus-filled lesions that
can cause scarring.
CYSTS
After resolution of acne lesions their may be prominent unsightly
scars
Acne Rosacea
Acne rosacea is a skin disorder leading to redness and pimples
on the nose, forehead, cheekbones, and chin. The inflamed pimples
and redness of rosacea can look a great deal like acne, but blackheads
are almost never present. Fair-skinned individuals and people who
flush easily seem to be more susceptible to this condition.
Rosacea becomes progressively worse in many of those affected.
The real cause of rosacea is now thought to be a tendency to flush
and blush in a person with sun damage. Sun damages the supporting
fibers of the small blood vessels just under the surface of the
skin, allowing the vessels to stretch out (become permanently dilated).
The damaged blood vessels leak fluid when flushing occurs, resulting
in blotchy red areas. Swelling occurs, but is not usually so prominent
to be very visible. The first sign most people see are small red
pimples and pustules (pus-filled whiteheads). The redness can come
and go and may be tender, inflamed and sensitive to the touch. Later,
the skin tissue can swell and thicken. Eventually the redness and
swelling can become permanent.
Symptoms of Acne rosacea
It may vary according to the severity of the case.
Facial flushing is the classic symptom of rosacea. Flushing is
the result of increased blood flow through dilated facial blood
vessels. During a flush, face can turn various shades of red depending
on the amount of blood flowing through the skin. A sufferer may
experience a fire-red face during intense flushes, a mildly-red
face during moderate flushes, or a barely noticeable pinkish-hue
during mild flushes; it may be transient or long-standing.
Facial redness is caused by hundreds of tiny dilated blood vessels
near the surface of the facial skin
Facial Telangiectasia; tiny broken blood vessels which are permanently
fixed in the dilated state and take appearance of fine red lines
coursing through the surface of the facial skin.
Facial Skin Hyper-Reactivity: These blood vessels dilate very
easily to topical triggers and physical insults
Uneven skin texture, caused by dilated blood vessels,
Papules on the face
Facial Pustules
Facial Burning Sensations
Facial Swelling
Rhinophyma is a form of rosacea that is characterized by chronic
redness, inflammation, and increased tissue growth of the nose.
What causes Acne Rosacea?
It is believe that rosacea is a disorder where the blood vessels
become damaged when repeatedly dilated by stimuli.
Triggers that cause episodes of flushing and blushing.
Exposure to temperature extremes can cause the face to become flushed
Strenuous exercise,
Heat from sunlight,
Severe sunburn,
Stress,
Cold wind,
Moving to a warm or hot environment from a cold environment
Some foods and drinks that can trig the condition include alcohol,
foods high in histamine and spicy food.
Certain medications
Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN)
It refers to the occurrence of keloidlike papules and plaques on
the occipital scalp and the posterior part of the neck, almost exclusively
in African American men. Initially, patients usually develop a chronic
folliculitis and perifolliculitis of the occipital part of the scalp
and the posterior part of the neck, which heal with keloidlike lesions,
sometimes with discharging sinuses. The lesions are often painful
and cosmetica.lly disfiguring
Causes
Causes are still speculative; it is supposed to be caused by-
§ Injury produced by short haircuts, where hairline is shaved
with a razor and curved hair follicles may be precipitating factors
§ Constant irritation from shirt collars
§ Chronic low-grade bacterial infections
§ An autoimmune process (AKN usually responds to systemic
steroid therapy.)
§ Use of antiepileptic drugs
§ An increased number of mast cells in the occipital region
Sign and Symptoms
§ Large lesions are often painful.
§ Older lesions with abscesses and sinuses may emit an odorous
discharge.
§ Hats, shirts, jackets, and sweaters may irritate the involved
area, thereby causing patients to alter their preferred style of
dress.
§ Even if large lesions are asymptomatic, they are often a
cause of great cosmetic concern.
§ Acne starts after puberty as firm, dome-shaped, follicular
papules that are 2-4 mm in diameter.
§ The papules develop on the nape of the neck and/or on the
occipital part of the scalp.
§ Pustules may be present in the same areas.
§ Comedones are not present (in contradistinction to acne).
§ More papules may appear and enlarge as the disease progresses.
§ Some papules coalesce to form keloid like plaques, which
are usually arranged in a band like distribution at or below the
posterior part of the hairline.
§ Hair is usually lost in large lesions.
§ Scarring alopecia and subcutaneous abscesses with draining
sinuses may also be present.
Acne conglobata (AC)
It is an uncommon and unusually severe form of acne characterized
by burrowing and interconnecting abscesses and irregular scars (both
keloidal and atrophic), often producing pronounced disfigurement.
It is an uncommon disease.
Causes:
The primary cause of it remains unknown.
Changes in reactivity to Propionibacterium acnes may play an important
role in the etiology of the disease.
Exposure to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (eg, dioxins) or
ingestion of halogens (eg, thyroid medication, hypnotic agents)
may trigger AC in an individual who is predisposed.
Other factors that can provoke AC include androgens (eg, androgen-producing
tumors) and anabolic steroids.
AC and AF may appear after cessation of testosterone therapy.
Signs and symptoms
§ The nodules associated with AC are succulent, tender, and
dome shaped.
§ Characteristic nodules increase in size; break down to discharge
pus; and often fuse, forming unusual shapes of several centimeters.
§ The formation of nodules begins in early puberty; the severity
increases until late adolescence and often beyond. Active nodule
formation may persist for years and usually continues until the
fourth decade of life.
§ Isolation of coagulase-positive staphylococci is common
in the lesions.
§ As the nodules break down, crusts may form over a deep ulcer,
which extends centrifugally but tends to heal centrally. This process
is persistent, and slow healing is characteristic.
§ A conspicuous feature of the disease is the blackheads that
appear in pairs or groups on the neck or the trunk; sometimes, blackheads
involve the upper arms or the buttocks.
Acne cosmetica
Persistent, low grade usually affecting the chin and cheek of a
woman who uses cosmetics. People may not contribute their reactions
to their reactions to their cosmetics at first, but may notice when
get worsening symptoms after using certain face makeup or lip products.
Certain chemicals in liquid foundation; it may cause allergic reaction.
Acne fulminans
Acne fulminans is a rare and very severe form of acne conglobata
associated with systemic symptoms. It nearly always affects males.
It demonstrates numerous inflammatory nodules on the trunk. The
large nodules tend to become painful ulcers with overhanging borders
surrounding exudative necrotic plaques that become confluent; however,
polyporous comedones and non inflammatory cysts are not evident.
Erythematous neovascular nodules may also be seen
Clinical features
Abrupt onset
Inflammatory and ulcerated nodular acne on chest and back
Severe acne scarring
Fluctuating fever
Painful joints
Malaise
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Raised white blood cell count.
Acne Medicamentosa
Acne caused or exacerbated by several types of drugs, such as antiepileptic,
halogens, and steroids. As acne is generally a disorder of the pilosebaceous
units caused by hormones, the medications that trigger acne medicamentosa
most frequently are hormones.
Baby Acne
What causes baby acne?
Baby Acne (acne neonatorum) is a common condition that affects
roughly 20 percent of newborn babies. Infants usually develop neonatal
acne because of stimulation of the baby’s sebaceous glands
by lingering maternal hormones after delivery. These hormones cross
the placenta into your baby and after delivery they cause the oil
glands on the skin to form bumps that look like pimples. Face present
with red pimples on the cheeks, forehead and chin; whiteheads may
present.
Baby acne often clears up quickly [generally within 3 weeks]; in
some cases, however, baby acne lingers for months or even longer.
Male babies are more often affected than female babies. It is best
to wash your baby's face with warm water two or three times a day
and pat it dry. Don't use lotions, oils or other treatments. Never
pinch or scrub baby acne. You may cause more irritation or an infection.
Chloracne
Chloracne is acne like eruption of blackheads, cysts and pustules
associated with over- exposure to certain halogenic aromatic hydrocarbons,
such as chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. The lesions are most
frequently found on cheeks, behind the ears, in the armpits and
the groin region
Chloracne normally results from direct skin contact with chloracnegens,
although ingestion and inhalation are also possible causative routes.
Conventional treatment
§ Topical bactericidals. Acne lotions may dry up the oil,
kill bacteria and promote sloughing of dead skin cells.
§ Antibiotics. For moderate to severe acne, prescription oral
antibiotics may be needed to reduce bacteria and fight inflammation.
§ Isotretinoin. For deep cysts, antibiotics may not be enough.
Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a powerful medication available for scarring
cystic acne or acne that doesn't respond to other treatments. Isotretinoin
can cause birth defects in the developing fetus of a pregnant woman.
Some people with acne become depressed by the changes in the appearance
of their skin. Changes in mood may be intensified during treatment
or soon after completing a course of medicines like isotretinoin.
Other side effects include; dry eyes, mouth, lips, nose, or skin
(very common), itching, nosebleeds, muscle aches, sensitivity to
the sun, poor night vision, changes in the blood, such as an increase
in fats in the blood (triglycerides and cholesterol), change in
liver function. Side effects usually go away after the medicine
is stopped.
§ Oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives, including a combination
of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (Ortho-Cyclen, Ortho Tri-Cyclen),
have been shown to improve acne in women. However, oral contraceptives
may cause other side effects that you'll want to discuss with your
doctor.
§ Antiandrogen drugs such as spironolactone (Aldactone) –
to reduce the excessive oil production. Side effects of antiandrogen
drugs may include irregular menstruation, tender breasts, headaches,
and fatigue.
§ Cosmetic surgery to diminish scar left by acne
§ Phototherapy
§ Heat therapy- zeno product uses heat at a specific temperature
to kill bacteria and to treat mild moderate acne.
§ Laser treatment
Homeopathic Treatment
Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic
treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his pathological
condition. The homeopathic medicines are selected after a full individualizing
examination and case-analysis, which includes the medical history
of the patient, physical and mental constitution etc. The homeopathy
remedies given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this
is not a complete and definite guide to the treatment of this condition.
None of these medicines should be taken without professional advice.
HOMEOPATHIC THERAPEUTICS
Reportorial rubric:
[Kent] skin, Eruptions, Pimples
[Murphy] skin, Acne
[Boericke] skin, Face, Eruption on face, Acne rosacea/Acne simplex
[Boennighausen’s] Face, Acne
Homeopathic Remedies
Sulphur, Sanguinaria,
Kali bromatum, Antimonium
crudum, Asterias
Rubens, Belladonna, Hepar Sulphur, Calcarea Silicata,
Nux vomica, Arsenicum iodatum, Causticum, Chelidonium
majus, Graphites, Psorinum, Sabina, Calcarea
phosphoricum, Thuja occidentalis, Ledum palustre,
Nitricum acidum, Bovista, Tuberculinum.
Materia medica
Sulphur
Is perhaps the remedy most often indicated in this affection, especially
if chronic. The skin is rough and hard and the acne is associated
with comedones and constipation; great aggravation from water is
the characteristic leading to Sulphur in skin affections. Face is
Pale, sickly color. Heat and spotted redness of face. Black pores.
Itching intensely in evening and from warmth. The acne punctata
is the variety corresponding most nearly to Sulphur. Simple forms
yield to Belladonna or Pulsatilla. Acne rosacea yields to Arsenicum
iodatum or Sulphur iodide.
Sanguinaria
It is another useful remedy in acne, especially in women with scanty
menses and irregular circulation of blood. Other remedies for acne
dependent on sexual disturbances of women are Calcarea carbonica
and Aurum muriaticum natronatrum.
Kali bromatum
Acne on the face, neck and shoulders. We frequently find acne in
Epileptics who have been maltreated by bromides. This remedy is
especially adapted to the acne simplex and the acne indurata, especially
in hyperaesthetic, nervous females. Face flushed. Acne of face,
pustules. General failure of mental power, loss of memory, melancholia,
anesthesia of the mucous membranes. Suicidal mania with tremulousness.
Itching of skin worse on chest, shoulders, and face. Anesthesia
of skin. This remedy may be given if Asterias Rubens fails. Dr.
J.H.Clarke says, "I know of no remedy of such universal usefulness
in cases of simple acne as Kali bromatum 30," and the late
Dr.A.M. Cushing recommended Arsenicum bromatum 4x as very efficacious.Thuja
is one of our best remedies for acne facialis. Calcarea picrata
is also a useful remedy for acne; clinically it has been found one
of the good remedies. Calcarea sulphurica is indicated where the
pimples suppurate.
Antimonium crudum
Small red pimples on face, acne in drunkards with gastric derangements,
thirst and white-coated tongue. Face with sad expression Fat, fretful,
cross and peevish; cries if looked at, touched or washed. Ecstatic,
dreamy, sentimental. Pustules.
Antimonium tartaricum.
Obstinate cases, with tendency to pustulation, are curable with
this remedy.
Berberis aquifolium
It is useful where the skin is rough and the acne persistent.
Natrum muriaticum
It acts especially on the sebaceous glands, and is a very helpful
remedy in acne. In this affection attention must be directed especially
to the patient's type, temperament and tendencies and the general
symptoms are far mores important than the local ones.
Asterias Rubens
Pimples on the face at the age of puberty. A remedy for the sycotic
diathesis; flabby, lymphatic constitution, flabby with red face.
Nervous disturbances. Pimples on side of nose chin and mouth.
Belladonna
Acne rosacea. Alternate redness and paleness of the skin. Skin
dry, hot and swollen, pustules on face. Face is red, bluish-red,
hot, swollen, and shining. Patient is restless and talks fast. Acuteness
of all senses.
Hepar Sulphur
Papules prone to suppurate and extend. Acne in youth. Suppurate
with prickly pain. Easily bleed. Unhealthy skin; every little injury
suppurates. Cannot bear to be uncovered; wants to be wrapped up
warmly. Sticking or pricking in afflicted parts. Great sensitiveness
to slightest touch. Constant offensive exhalation from the body
Face, Yellowish complexion. Suits especially scrofulous and lymphatic
constitutions that are inclined to have eruptions and glandular
swellings. Unhealthy skin. Great sensitiveness to all impressions.
The lesions spread by the formation of small papules around the
side of the old lesion. Chilliness, hypersensitiveness, splinter-like
pains, craving for sour and strong things are very characteristic.
Calcarea Silicata
Pimples, comedones. A deep, long acting medicine for complaints
which come on slowly and reach their final development after long
periods. Hydrogenoid constitution. Skin Itching, burning, cold and
blue, very sensitive. very sensitive to cold. Patient is weak, emaciated,
cold and chilly, but worse from being overheated; sensitive generally.
Nux vomica
Acne; skin red and blotchy. Body burning hot, especially face;
yet cannot move or uncover without feeling chilly. The typical Nux
patient is rather thin, spare, quick, active, nervous, and irritable.
Nux patients are easily chilled, avoid open air. Very irritable:
sensitive to all impressions. Ugly, malicious. Does not want to
be touched. Face Pale, yellowish, earthy or livid countenance. Yellow
about nose, mouth or eyes. Red, swollen.
Arsenicum Iodatum
Acne hard, shotty, indurated base with pustule at apex. It will
be indicated by a profound prostration, rapid, irritable pulse and
severe cases of acne vulgaris. Great emaciation. Skin is Dry, scaly,
itching. Debilitating night-sweats.
Causticum
Acne rosacea. Acne in groups, aggravated by heat. Acne especially
on nose Adapted to persons with dark hair and rigid fibre; weakly,
psoric, with excessively yellow, sallow complexion; Ailments from
suppressed eruptions. Burning pimple with itching.
Chelidonium Majus
Painful red pimples and pustules; especially on nose and cheeks.
Wilted skin. Dry heat of skin with itching. Painful red pimples
and pustules. Face red, without heat. Itching over entire face and
forehead. Depression and sadness, even to weeping. Restlessness
and solicitude concerning the present and future.
Graphites
Pimples and acne; itching. Skin is Rough, hard, persistent dryness
of portions of skin. Unhealthy skin; every little injury suppurates.
Patients who are rather stout, of fair complexion, with tendency
to skin affections and constipation, fat, chilly, and costive, with
delayed menstrual history, take cold easily. Has a particular tendency
to develop the skin phase of internal disorders. Anemia with redness
of face. Tendency to obesity. Timid. Unable to decide.
Psorinum
Acne rosacea. Greasy face. Pale, sickly look. Skin is yellow, dirty,
and greasy. Roughness of knuckles. Pimples with black points in
center. Small numerous pustules, itching unhealthy. Itching, after
scratching vesicles arise, when touched. Acne worse during menses,
from fats, sugar, coffee, meat.
Sabina
Hypochondriacal dejection. Low spirited and joyless, with a feeling
of general exhaustion. Acne. Face is pale, with lusterless eyes
encircled by blue ring. Black pores on nose and face.
Calcarea phosphoricum
Acne in anaemic girls at puberty, with vertex headache and flatulent
dyspepsia, relieved by eating. Skin is dark - brown, yellowish.
Red, with prickling like nettles after a bath.
Thuja occidentalis
Pimples on face. Face glowing redness of whole face, with a fine
network of blood vessels, as if it were marbled. oily skin. Burning
heat and redness of. Flushes of heat in. Sweat on, especially on
side on which he does not lie. Pimples on upper lip and chin. Lips,
etc. All eruptions burn violently after cold washing. Corrosive
itching. Better scratching, but then followed by burning. Painful
sensitiveness of affected part. The skin symptoms better by touch.
Ledum palustre
Angry mood. Love for solitude. Great seriousness. Face, Alternatively
pale and red. Dry pimples like millet seed on forehead. Red nodules
Boils on forehead. Skin Dry, want of natural perspiration.
Nitricum acidum
Anxious about his complaints, with fear of death. Sadness and
despondency. Face yellow. Sunken eyes encircled by yellow. Dark
yellow, almost brownish complexion. Pimples on forehead and temples.
Skin with Black pores.
Bovista
Acne from the use of cosmetics; especially during summer. Pale
swelling of cheeks. Skin itching, especially when getting warm,
better not scratching. Sadness, with restlessness. Easily offended:
takes everything in bad part.
Tuberculinum
Acne simplex in the tubercular children. Rapid breakdown . Takes
cold easily; ends in diarrhœa. Fits of violent temper. Craves
cold milk, or sweets. Drum belly. Skin dry, harsh, sensitive, easily
tanned; itching in cool air. Chilly; yet wants fresh air. Flushes
of heat.
Skin care to prevent acne
§ Clean skin gently- Gently wash your face with a mild cleanser
[according to the type of your skin], once in the morning and once
in the evening, as well as after heavy exercise. It is also important
to shampoo your hair regularly. If you have oily hair, you may want
to wash it every day. Wash your face with plain water frequently.
§ Avoid frequent handling of the skin. Avoid rubbing and touching
skin lesions. Squeezing, pinching or picking blemishes can lead
to the development of scars or dark blotches.
§ Shave carefully- Shave gently and only when necessary to
reduce the risk of nicking blemishes.
§ Choose cosmetics carefully.
§ Self-care measures and over-the-counter medicine have not
helped after several months; Your acne is severe or getting worse;
then contact your dermatologist.
§ Products such as facial scrubs, astringents and masks generally
aren't recommended because they tend to irritate skin, which can
aggravate acne. Excessive washing and scrubbing also can irritate
skin. If you tend to develop acne around your hairline, shampoo
your hair frequently.
§ Try over-the-counter acne lotion to dry excess oil and promote
peeling. Look for products containing benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol
or salicylic acid as the active ingredient.
§ Avoid irritants. You may want to avoid oily or greasy cosmetics,
sunscreens, hair-styling products or acne concealers. Use products
labeled "water-based" or "noncomedogenic."
§ Protect yourself from sun. For some people, the sun worsens
acne.
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