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Hpathy Ezine - July, 2008

 

Potentized Artemisia nilagirica Extract (Cina) increase silk production and effective rate of rearing in a field trial

 
 

 

Table1 Effects of Cina on healthy and Meloidogyne incognita infected mulberry plants in a field

Treatment groups (20plants /plots & 2

plots/group)*

Average No. of leaves/plant*

Average Surface area of leaves (sq.cm)*

Average Protein content (%) +

Average Nematode population +

Average No. of rootgalls/plant +

Leaf

Root

Soil ( 200g)

Root (2g)

Day-0

Day-59

Day-0

Day-59

Day-0

Day-59

Day-0

Day-59

Day-0

Day-59

Day-0

Day-59

Day-0

Day-59

  1.Healthy

   ( control)

 394bx

±13.70

 422by

±12.05

23045bx

±419.00

23328by

±388.80

6.32bx

±0.25

6.75by

±0.27

7.78bx

±0.31

7.80by

±0.31

-

-

-

-

-

-

2. Healthy CinaMT-treated

395bx

±12.34

445dy

±12.36

23035bx

±411.34

25277ey

±421.28

6.32bx

±0.24

8.96dy

±0.34

7.78bx

±0.29

8.97dy

±0.34

-

-

-

-

-

-

3. Healthy Cina 200C-treated

395bx

±12.34

482ey

±13.39

23047bx

±397.36

26911gy

±414.01

6.32bx

±0.26

9.19ey

±0.30

7.78bx

±0.26

9.21fy

±0.31

-

-

-

-

-

-

4. Healthy Cina1000C-treated

396bx

±11.31

448dy

±12.45

23032bx

±411.28

26131fy

±402.02

6.33bx

±0.24

8.98dy

±0.30

7.78bx

±0.26

9.02ey

±0.31

-

-

-

-

-

-

5. Infected (control)

380ax

±15.20

366ay

±14.07

7898ax

±143.60

7995ax

±177.67

2.98ax

±0.14

2.01ay

±0.09

4.39ax

±0.17

3.34ay

±0.11

1930ax

±77.20

2418ay

±96.72

635ax

±25.40

2008ay

±95.62

1213ax

±48.52

1948ay

±77.92

6. Infected CinaMT-treated

380ax

±12.67

430cy

±13.43

7885ax

±157.70

24516cy

±408.60

2.98ax

±0.13

6.75by

±0.25

4.38ax

±0.16

7.82by

±0.30

1937ax

±74.50

78by

±3.39

639ax

±24.57

107by

±5.09

1197ax

±46.03

221by

±8.50

7. Infected Cina200C-treated

382ax

±12.83

436cy

12.12±

7882ax

±143.30

25215ey

±387.92

2.99ax

±0.12

6.78by

±0.24

4.38ax

±0.15

7.89cy

±0.27

1933ax

±74.34

66cy

±2.35

639ax

±22.03

55dy

±2.39

1207ax

±46.42

187cy

±6.67

8. Infected Cina1000C-treated

382ax

±12.73

432cy

±13.50

7984ax

±142.57

24845dy

±388.20

2.98ax

±0.12

6.76by

±0.23

4.38ax

±0.15

7.85by

±0.28

1939ax

±84.30

75by

±3.26

640ax

±21.34

67cy

±3.19

1200ax

±46.45

218by

±8.38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table1 Effects of Cina on healthy and Meloidogyne incognita infected mulberry plants in a field

 ‘*’  - means average values of 40 plants in triplicate except healthy treatment groups.

+’  - means average values of 20 samples in triplicate. ‘Day-0’ -  means before treatment. ‘Day-59’ -  means after treatment. 

‘a,b’- significant difference by ‘t’-test (P<0.01) in the same column.

‘x,y’- significant difference by ‘t’- test (P<0.01) in the same row between day-0 and day-59 of each character.

Table 2  Effects of Cina on healthy and M.incognita infected mulberry plants in a field on the feeding, growth and mortality of silk worms


Treatment batches

(80 larvae/ batch)*

Average consumption of leaves(g)

(5th instar)*

Average no. of feeding to cocoon formation    

      *     

Average no. of feeding- day to cocoon formation

       *

Average no. of escaping feeding during moulting*

Average moulting span day (1st to 5th instar)*

Average larval weight (g)

(5th instar)*+

Mortality rate (%)*

1. Healthy   (control)

2.83b

±0.10

72b

±1.80

18a

±0.75

28b

±1.22

7b

±0.34

2.41b

±0.06

8b

±0.32

2. Healthy Cina MT-treated

2.35d

±0.08

64c

±1.25

16b

±0.61

24c

±0.96

6c

±0.19

2.55c

±0.06

Nil

3. Healthy Cina200C-treated

2.33d

±0.06

61d

±1.35

15b

±0.52

16e

±0.59

4d

±0.13

2.59c

±0.05

Nil

4. Healthy Cina1000C-treated

2.35d

±0.06

62d

±1.47

16b

±0.55

20d

±0.76

5c

±0.17

2.57c

±0.06

Nil

5. Infected  (control)

3.62a

±0.17

75a

±3.12

19a

±0.93

52a

±2.47

13a

±0.61

1.56a

±0.06

30a

±1.40

6. Infected CinaMT-treated

2.37d

±0.07

65c

±1.62

16b

±0.64

24c

±1.04

6c

±0.21

2.53c

±0.06

Nil

7. Infected Cina200C-treated

2.35d

±0.06

62d

±1.34

15b

±0.57

20d

±0.74

5c

±0.17

2.56c

±0.05

Nil

8. Infected Cina1000C-treated

2.41c

±0.08

64c

±1.52

16b

±0.67

20d

±0.79

5c

±0.18

2.53c

±0.06

Nil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2  Effects of Cina on healthy and M.incognita infected mulberry plants in a field on the feeding, growth and mortality of silk worms

‘a,b…’- different small letters in a column show significant difference  by ‘t’- test   \(P<0.05). 

*’      -  average values of 80 silk worm larvae in triplicate except healthy treatment batches.

‘ +’     -  average values of 10 silk worm larvae were dissected in triplicate except healthy treatment batches.

Table 3  Commercially increased silk production by effective treatment with Cina on the feeding of healthy and M.incognita infected mulberry plants in a field trial

‘a,b.…’- different small letters in a column show significant difference by ‘t’-  test (P<0.05).

*’       -  average values of 80 silk worm larvae in triplicate except healthy treatment batches.

+’       -  average values of 10 ( 5th instar) silk worm larvae and cocoon were dissected in triplicate except healthy treatment batches.        

Treatment batches

(80larvae /batch)*

Average silk gland weight (g)

(5th instar) +

Average starting time to spinning (at day-) *

Average span of spinning day *

Average cocoon Weight (g)*

Average shell weight (g) +

Average shell ratio (SR%) +

Average effective rate of rearing (ERR %)*

1. Healthy    (control)

1.59b

±0.04

26b

±0.93

6b

±0.15

1.12c

±0.03

0.21b

±0.01

18.75c

±0.53

63.23b

±2.87

2. Healthy Cina MT-treated

1.77c

±0.03

23c

±0.79

4c

±0.08

1.13c

±0.03

0.23c

±0.01

20.35d

±0.56

71.68c

±2.47

3. Healthy Cina200C-treated

1.93f

±0.04

20c

±0.57

3c

±0.06

1.09b

±0.02

0.26d

±0.01

23.85e

±0.59

95.83e

±1.99

4. Healthy Cina1000C-treated

1.90e

±0.04

21c

±0.72

3c

±0.07

1.11c

±0.03

0.26d

±0.01

23.42e

±0.58

92.41e

±2.05

5. Infected  (control)

1.01a

±0.01

33a

±1.57

11a

±0.52

0.88a

±0.03

0.12a

±0.01

13.63a

±0.64

30.71a

±1.39

6. Infected CinaMT-treated

1.75c

±0.02

23c

±0.79

5b

±0.13

1.11c

±0.03

0.18b

±0.01

16.22b

±0.40

68.11c

±1.66

7. Infected Cina200C-treated

1.88e

±0.04

21c

±0.61

3c

±0.07

1.08b

±0.02

0.20b

±0.01

18.51c

±0.41

93.06e

±2.21

8. Infected Cina1000C-treated

1.81d

±0.04

22c

±0.71

4c

±0.09

1.10b

±0.02

0.18b

±0.01

16.36b

±0.40

88.97d

±2.28

 

 

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