| The first problem to overcome in treating epilepsy
is the fact that we are dealing with a condition that, in most cases,
has very violent symptoms. The salivation, muscular spasms, sometimes
involuntary howling that can occur, together with the in-coordination
of the recovery period, produce an understandable state of revulsion
in many owners, compounded by a feeling of helplessness, especially
when they witness it for the first time. This has two consequences
with regard to treatment. The first is that there can be an undue
concentration on the presenting symptom rather than on the whole
picture, and an undue emphasis in treatment on preventing further
fits at any price.
Hahnemann laid great stress on the fact that disease can only be
cured "if the physician clearly perceives what has to be cured...
in each individual case of disease", and this applies to epilepsy
just as much as to any other condition. True epilepsy is not an
acute condition but is part of a chronic disease pattern, in many
instances what Hahnemann referred to as a "one-sided disease".
The really successful approach to its treatment is constitutional.
The second consequence is that accurate observation and reporting
of the exact symptoms of a fit can be difficult. In one sense this
is not as important as it may seem, as many of the features are
local or common symptoms, but useful information can be obtained
from this area of the picture.
Another factor affecting the disease picture is that many cases
that present for homeopathic treatment are already receiving conventional
anticonvulsant drugs. These may be failing to control the situation
adequately and/or there may be concerns over the side effects of
their long-term use. One of the commonest drugs used is phenobarbitone
and one of the other standard medications, Mysoline, is broken down
in the body into barbiturate. Long-term use of these agents can
pose a strain on the liver. In addition, from the homeopathic point
of view, this approach represents a degree of suppression of the
case, with all the problems that that implies. However, in spite
of this it cannot be stressed too strongly that such treatments
must not be withdrawn suddenly, and any changes must take place
under veterinary supervision. However, homeopathy right from the
start gives the best chance of cure.
More cases of epilepsy are seen in dogs than in cats. Cats, unlike
dogs, are a species that cannot synthesize the amino acid Taurine
and hence, care is taken to add it to their diet. One of the effects
of Taurine in the body is as a controller of nervous impulses, and
supplementing the diet of dogs to give higher levels can raise the
threshold at which fits are triggered. Although not homeopathic,
its use can be beneficial in the overall management of a case. Other
ways of reducing the susceptibility to fits involves the use of
herbal preparations, which can be helpful on occasions.
In some ways the cases where there is complete control of the fits
by conventional medication are the most difficult. The picture is
distorted and also the assessment of progress following a remedy
is extremely difficult. Other changes in the body, usually behavioral,
may give an indication of some action by the remedy, but a reduction
of the medication is often the only way of ascertaining any beneficial
effect. In contrast, those cases where there are still some fits
occurring, do offer a yardstick by which to judge progress.
Because we are dealing with a chronic disease, often treatment
will throw up symptoms in other areas as the whole case is revealed.
The major systems that are associated are the skin and the bowels,
and there may be a "see-saw" between the symptoms.
The question of potency is an important consideration when prescribing
the constitutional remedy. This is one of those conditions where
the last thing we want is an aggravation! Hence caution is advisable
and more moderate potencies are often initially employed, even in
those cases where the indications for a particular remedy are strong.
Of course in any acute episode where a remedy is being used to control
a fit, then high potencies are very useful, as there is a high-energy
output from the condition at that time.
The causes of epilepsy are many and it would not be appropriate
here to consider all the factors that can possibly be linked, but
one in particular is worthy of mention. That is vaccination. It
is well documented that vaccinations, both primary and boosters,
can on occasion produce convulsions. No animal with a history of
convulsions, from whatever cause, should be given a vaccination
without very good reason. Silica, having both convulsions and "ailments
from vaccination" in its picture is extremely useful here.
Homeopathic treatment falls into two types. One is the full constitutional
approach, aimed at obtaining a complete cure, as this offers the
best hope of success. Sometimes an "acute" remedy is used
in addition. The other involves a compromise, with the use of both
homeopathic and conventional medications. The aim here is to use
homeopathy to reduce the dependence on heavy medication, thereby
increasing the safety margins and improving the quality of life
for the patient.
Case Histories
Coco was a four-year-old golden retriever. She had had several
fits over the previous three years, but these had been fairly mild
and "very occasional", with a quick recovery. No conventional
treatment had been given as the fits were mild and infrequent. However,
the latest two fits had been more severe and frequent, and although
apparently recovered, she now appeared "not quite her usual
self". The fits had lasted about five minutes. There was no
incontinence or howling, just a general spasm of the whole body
with the head thrown back over the right shoulder. She had been
vaccinated regularly with no apparent ill effects and there were
no other health problems, only a behavioral inconvenience.
Coco had lived with three other neutered bitches all her life and
was friendly towards them. However, she would frequently mount any
one of them, and if they protested run off and hide.
Originally her owner had planned to breed with her and so she was
not neutered as a puppy. Her seasons had been regular but abnormally
mild. Neutering at around 2.5 years of age did nothing to change
the sexual behavior. She was wary of other dogs, and if approached
would initially "freeze" and escape at the first opportunity.
If she finally got to know another dog, she was friendly and playful.
Her appetite was steady, preferring dry food, and not drinking as
much as her companions. She liked cuddles from the owner. She was
tolerant of heat but was happy to let others be near the fire.
She was given Pulsatilla 200C for three days, with Cicuta virosa
M in case of an attack. She was re-presented two months later, having
had a mild fit. The Cicuta had not been given. The owner reported
she was "more like her old self". Pulsatilla200C was repeated.
She has had no more fits and is now more confident with other dogs.
Zeberdee was a seven-year-old Sheltie, an epileptic for three years.
There was no known family history of epilepsy. The first fit had
occurred within 24 hours of a booster vaccination. His only other
health problem was chronic eczema and he had kennel cough. He was
on a high dose of phenobarbitone four times daily, but the fits
still occurred every three weeks. During them he would hyperventilate,
be on his side with legs thrashing about in an in-coordinated manner,
salivate profusely, and pass urine.
There was usually one scream before the fit. All but the last
fit had occurred at night. He recovered in about an hour and was
then ravenously hungry, being very sensitive to noise during that
time. His owner had given Bufo 30C on two occasion's and this had
increased the intervals to five and eight weeks respectively, but
he had now reverted to his three weekly pattern.
He was described as friendly to dogs and ladies but wary of men.
He liked to play but disliked being cuddled. He was frightened of
thunder, fireworks, and very wary in a crowd. He disliked the fire
and preferred to be outside in all weathers, but would lie in the
sun. His appetite was always good, his thirst normal, and he did
not suffer from flatulence.
Treatment was started with a combined vaccine nosode 30C, for
four days. This was followed by Lycopodium 200C for two days. There
were then two mild fits, each lasting about one minute, and each
six weeks apart. He was reported as being more confident with men
but otherwise unchanged. Lycopodium 200 was repeated. There were
no more fits for five months, then one violent fit daily for three
days. Hyoscyamus 30C stopped the sequence and Lycopodium M was given
for one day. There have now been no fits for over a year and his
medication has been withdrawn. His eczema has also improved.
Some of the most useful remedies in the epileptic situation
Aconite
Useful for both attendant and patient! The sudden onset fits the
picture, and fear is sometimes seen just prior to the fit.
Belladonna
Another remedy where suddenness is a feature, together with the
violence of the convulsions. There is great sensitivity during the
fit, and the slightest external stimulus will keep it going. The
attack usually involves a single fit rather than a cluster. As it
is the acute of Calc carb, it is often of use where that is the
indicated constitutional remedy.
Bufo
This has the reputation of the keynote of fits occurring during
sleep. In actual fact, the link is to night and sleep combined.
The other feature is worse in a warm room. There is often a howl
at the start of the fit.
Cicuta virosa
A distinctive feature here is that during the spasms the head is
thrown back and to the side, so that the muzzle rests on the shoulder
blade facing towards the tail.
Cocculus
A very useful remedy, its connection with vertigo gives it its place
in this context.
Hyoscyamus
Related to Belladonna and Stramonium, this is also an excellent
"local" remedy. Its picture is characterized by excessive
movements of the face, both prior to a fit and at other times.
Kali brom
As Potassium bromide this is used as a conventional anti-convulsant,
and it is also employed as a homeopathic remedy. The timing of the
fits is often linked to oestrus, and there is marked excitement
before they start.
Nux vom
Together with Ignatia the main ingredient is strychnine. These two,
together with the remedy Strychninum have a role to play.
This article was first published in Health and Homeopathy summer
2002.
|